Conclusion Meanings:
'Exonerated': or 'Within NYPD Guidelines' - the alleged conduct occurred but did not violate the NYPD's own rules, which often give officers significant discretion.
'Substantiated': The alleged conduct occurred and it violated the rules. The NYPD has discretion over what, if any, discipline is imposed.
'Unfounded': Evidence suggests that the event or alleged conduct did not occur.
'Unsubstantiated': or 'Unable to Determine' - CCRB has fully investigated but could not affirmatively conclude both that the conduct occurred and that it broke the rules.
Further details on conclusion definitions.
Named in 2 known lawsuits.
Epps, Kevin vs City of New York, et al.
Case # 806482/2023E,
Supreme Court - Bronx, April 25, 2023
Cruz, Robert, et al. Vs. City of New York, et al.
Case # 813756/2021,
Supreme Court - Bronx, October 25, 2021